Concerning the problems of slow convergence and low accuracy of software quality prediction model based on Back Propagation Neural Network （BPNN）， a Software Quality Prediction method based on BPNN optimized by Ant Colony Optimization algorithm （SQP-ACO-BPNN） was proposed. Firstly， the software quality evaluation factors were selected and a software quality evaluation system was determined. Secondly， BPNN was adopted to build initial software quality prediction model and ACO algorithm was used to determine network structures， initial connection weights and thresholds of network. Then， an evaluation function was given to select the best structure， initial connection weights and thresholds of the network. Finally， the network was trained by BP algorithm， and the final software quality prediction model was obtained. Experimental results of predicting the quality of airborne embedded software show that the accuracy， precision， recall and F1 value of the optimized BPNN model are all improved with faster convergence， which indicates the validity of SQP-ACO-BPNN.